The Effect of Weight Distribution in the Foot on Balance and Plantar Pressure in Female Adolescent Athletes

Abstract

Background: It is widely reported that the weight distribution in each foot is approximately 60% in the rearfoot and 40% in the forefoot. For balance training, it is recommended to transfer some weight to the forefoot. However, it is still unclear whether fore-rear foot weightbearing ratio affects balance and plantar pressure parameters. Hypothesis: There is a relationship between the forefoot weightbearing ratio and balance and plantar pressure in female adolescent athletes. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 91 adolescent female athletes aged between 10 and 19 years were included in the study. Weightbearing ratios of the forefoot, balance, and plantar pressure were assessed using a plantar pressure platform (FootWork, AMCube IST). In the static and stabilometric evaluation, the weightbearing ratio (%), mean and maximum plantar pressure (kPa), center of pressure (CoP) total, antero-posterior and medio-lateral sway length (cm), CoP surface area (cm2), and length over area (cm-1) were recorded. In the dynamic evaluation, the maximum pressure (kPa) acting on each foot was recorded. Results: Two groups with forefoot weightbearing ratio <40% and ≥40% were compared. Maximum pressure values in static conditions, CoP anteroposterior, and total sway length were significantly different between these groups. In addition, as the amount of load transferred to the forefoot increased, CoP total and anteroposterior sway length increased postural stability. Conclusion: Although postural control mechanisms are quite complex, plantar pressure and postural control parameters can be varied by optimizing rear-to-fore foot weight transfer. Clinical Relevance: This study will contribute to the development of appropriate training and rehabilitation strategies to optimize athlete performance and reduce injury risk.