Functional Performance Tests Reveal Promising Results at 6 Months After Shoulder Stabilization Surgery

Abstract

Background: Although athletes are mostly allowed to return to play 6 months after shoulder stabilization surgery, there are inadequate data about their functional status during this period. Hypotheses: Performance tests would reveal insufficiency in the functional capacity of shoulder 6 months after stabilization surgery. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 32 male athletes with arthroscopic anterior capsulolabral repair (AACR) were included in the study. Shoulder internal and external rotator (IR-ER) strength was assessed using isokinetic dynamometer at 60°/s and 180°/s angular velocities preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Shoulder function was assessed with closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability (CKCUES) test, Y balance test-upper quarter (YBT-UQ), and unilateral seated shot-put test (USSPT) at 6 months postoperation. Western Ontario shoulder instability index (WOSI) and Tampa scale of kinesiophobia (TSK) were used for the self-assessment of the shoulder. Mixed-model ANOVA was used to analyze the changes in the IR-ER strength on both shoulders. Limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated for the IR-ER strength, YBT-UQ, and USSPT scores. Results: Shoulder IR strength was higher at 6 months postoperatively compared with preoperatively. The LSI was 76.4% and 76.6% for ER strength, and 94.2% and 94% for IR strength at 60°/s and 180°/s angular velocities, respectively, at the postoperative 6 month timepoint. The mean CKCUES test score was 21.8 ± 2.6 touches and the LSI was 94.7% for the YBT-UQ and 102.5% for the USSPT. WOSI ( P < 0.001) and TSK ( P = 0.001) scores were significantly lower at 6 months postoperatively. Conclusion: Functional status of the patients with shoulder stabilization surgery improved considerably 6 months after surgery, yet they did not fully recover function. Clinical Relevance: Exercise programs focusing on shoulder ER strength and shoulder performance should be emphasized after stabilization surgery.