Methods and tools used by healthcare professionals to identify barriers to return-to-work for workers with upper extremity conditions in Australia

Abstract

Introduction Healthcare professionals, including hand therapists, are frequently called upon to identify barriers to return-to-work for workers with upper extremity injuries. However, the methods and tools used to assess barriers to return-to-work remain unknown. Results from these assessments can be used to direct appropriate interventions for those who may be at risk of a prolonged work absence. Methods The purpose of this study was to identify the tools and methods used by healthcare professionals to assess barriers to return-to-work for workers with upper extremity conditions. A total of 596 Australian healthcare professionals responded to an open-ended question regarding the tools/methods they use to identify barriers to return-to-work. All responses were coded and analysed descriptively. Differences between professional disciplines were recorded. Results Healthcare professionals nominated 59 types of tools and methods that they use to identify barriers to return-to-work for workers with upper extremity conditions in their clinical practice. The most favoured method was clinical interviewing. Other commonly used tools were clinical measures, e.g., strength, and a return-to-work risk-factor screening tool validated on musculoskeletal diagnoses, the Orebro Musculoskeletal Screening Questionnaire. Discussion Healthcare professionals use a variety of methods and tools to identify barriers to return-to-work for workers with upper extremity conditions. Generally, they favoured subjective methods. Future research is needed to develop or validate assessment tools designed to identify barriers to return-to-work for workers with upper extremity conditions. In the absence of upper extremity specific screening tools, hand therapists should consider the biopsychosocial framework when evaluating barriers to return-to-work.