Factors and Beliefs Affecting Women Diagnosed With Breast Cancer to Initiate Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Initiating treatment within the optimal time is critical for women with breast cancer. A delay in cancer treatment initiation can result in increased morbidity and mortality and decreased overall survival. Objective: This systematic review aims to investigate the literature for the factors and beliefs affecting women diagnosed with breast cancer with regard to initiating cancer treatment. Methods: The PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases were searched using the terms of breast cancer, initiating or seeking treatment, and beliefs. The Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice Research Evidence Appraisal Tool was used to evaluate the included articles. Results: Sixteen articles were included in this review. The addressed factors were classified as (1) patient-related factors, (2) disease-related factors, (3) provider-related factors, and (4) system-related factors. The identified beliefs were cultural beliefs and perceived barriers to initiating treatment. Conclusion: Although the literature reported multiple factors and beliefs that impact the time of initiating treatment among women with breast cancer, more research is needed to fully understand the beliefs influencing treatment initiation. It is essential to address and screen the factors and beliefs identified for women diagnosed with breast cancer to enhance treatment initiation early and prevent any possible delay. Interventions can be developed to overcome the factors and beliefs that may lead to late treatment initiation. Advocacy for new policies should be in action to reduce the disparities associated with treatment initiation among women with breast cancer.