Affiliation:
1. Center for Urban Informatics and Progress (CUIP), University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN
2. Electrical Engineering Department, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN
Abstract
The limited connectivity of vehicles presents a notable challenge, as their inability to establish communication with other vehicles and pedestrians can lead to safety concerns, particularly for vulnerable road users (VRUs). The Infrastructure-to-Pedestrian (I2P) communication pathway can play a vital role in mitigating these safety concerns, as implementing I2P is expected to significantly enhance safety for pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists. The Third Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) introduced cellular vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication with the release for 3GPP Release 14 in 2017. In this paper, we conduct an extensive review of V2I and I2P communication, and then present a Long-Term Evolution (LTE)-I2P communication architecture. We later describe key ideas of software-defined networks and their concepts for I2P services. Additionally, we conduct a field test of I2P LTE-based communication and assess its feasibility. The urban connected testbed in downtown Chattanooga, “MLK Smart Corridor,” services is the experimental platform for this assessment. Performance indicators like average end-to-end (E2E) latency and packet delivery ratio (PDR) are used for comparison.