Improved dark channel priori single image defogging technique using image segmentation and joint filtering

Abstract

Foggy images affect image analysis and measurement because of their low definition and blurred details. Despite numerous studies on haze in natural images in hazy environments, the recovery effect is not ideal for processing hazy images in sky areas. A dark channel priori technique for processing haze images with sky areas where atmospheric light values are misestimated and halo artefacts are produced, as well as an improved dark channel priori single-image defogging technique based on image segmentation and joint filtering, are proposed. First, an estimation method of the atmospheric illumination value using image segmentation is proposed to obtain the atmospheric illumination value. The probability density distribution function of the haze-grey image was constructed during image segmentation. The probability density distribution function of the grey image value, the K-means clustering technique, and the method for estimating atmospheric illumination values are combined to improve image segmentation techniques and achieve the segmentation of sky and non-sky areas in hazy images. Based on the segmentation threshold, the number of pixels in the sky and non-sky areas, as well as the normalisation results, were counted to calculate the atmospheric illumination values. Second, to address the halo artefact phenomenon, a method for optimising the image transmittance map using joint filtering is proposed. The image transmittance map was optimised by combining fast-guided filtering and weighted least-squares filtering to retain the edge information and smooth the gradient change of the internal region. Finally, gamma correction and automatic level optimisation are used to improve the brightness and contrast of the defogged images. The experimental results show that the proposed technique can effectively achieve sky segmentation. Compared to the traditional dark-channel prior technique, the proposed technique suppress halo artefacts and improve image detail recovery. Compared to other techniques, the proposed technique exhibited excellent performance in subjective and objective evaluations.