Effects of resistance training on body weight and body composition in older adults: An inter-individual response difference meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Author:

Kelley George A.1ORCID,Kelley Kristi S.2,Stauffer Brian L.34

Affiliation:

1. School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA

2. Research Instructor, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA

3. Chief, Division of Cardiology, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA

4. Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA

Abstract

Whether true inter-individual response differences (IIRD) occur as a result of resistance training on body weight and body composition in older adults with overweight and obesity is not known. To address this gap, data from a previous meta-analysis representing 587 men and women (333 resistance training, 254 control) ≥ 60 years of age nested in 15 randomized controlled trials of resistance training ≥ 8 weeks were included. Resistance training and control group change outcome standard deviations treated as point estimates for body weight and body composition (percent body fat, fat mass, body mass index in kg.m2, and lean body mass) were used to calculate true IIRD from each study. True IIRD as well as traditional pairwise comparisons were pooled using the inverse-variance (IVhet) model. Both 95% confidence intervals (CI) and prediction intervals (PI) were calculated. While statistically significant improvements were found for body weight and all body composition outcomes (p < 0.05 for all), no statistically significant IIRD was observed for any of the outcomes (p > 0.05 for all) and all 95% PIs overlapped. Conclusions: While resistance training is associated with improvements in body weight and body composition in older adults, the lack of true IIRD suggests that factors other than training response variation (random variation, physiological responses associated with behavioral changes that are not the result of resistance training) are responsible for the observed variation in body weight and body composition.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference68 articles.

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3. Trends in Overweight and Obesity Self-awareness Among Adults With Overweight or Obesity in the United States, 1999 to 2016

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