Efficacy of Amiodarone for the Termination of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation and Maintenance of Normal Sinus Rhythm: A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Double Blind Trial

Abstract

Objective: We sought to assess the efficacy and safety of amiodarone for restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation in a prospective, randomized, double blind trial. Background: Restoration and preservation of sinus rhythm is difficult in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. The efficacy of oral amiodarone has not been conclusively established. Methods: Ninety-five patients with chronic atrial fibrillation, lasting an average of 35.6 months, were randomized to either amiodarone (600 mg/d) (47 patients) or placebo (48 patients) during four weeks. Nonresponders underwent electric cardioversion, and those who reverted continued with amiodarone (200 mg/d) or placebo. End-points were successful cardioversion and sinus rhythm maintenance. Results: Sixteen patients (34.04%) in the amiodarone group reverted within 27.28 ± 8.85 days in comparison with 0% in the placebo group (P < 0.000009). The conversion rate rose to 51.72% in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation lasting less than 12 months. Twenty-eight patients in the amiodarone group and 39 in the placebo group underwent electric cardioversion, which was successful in 19 patients (67.8%) of the amiodarone group and in 15 (38.46%) of the placebo group (P = 0.017). Altogether, conversion was obtained in 79.54% of the amiodarone group patients and in 38.46% of the placebo group patients (P < 0.0001). During follow-up, atrial fibrillation relapsed in 13 (37.14%) of 35 patients of the amiodarone group within 8.84 + 8.57 months and in 12 (80%; P = 0.009) of 15 patients of the placebo group within 2.74 ± 3.41 months. Conclusions: Oral amiodarone restored sinus rhythm in one third of patients with chronic atrial fibrillation, increased the success rate of electric cardioversion, decreased the number of relapses and delayed their occurrence.