Unraveling the Connection: Cholesterol, Calcium Signaling, and Neurodegeneration

Author:

Casas Maria1ORCID,Dickson Eamonn J1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA

Abstract

Cholesterol and calcium play crucial roles as integral structural components and functional signaling entities within the central nervous system. Disruption in cholesterol homeostasis has been linked to Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s Disease while alterations in calcium signaling is hypothesized to be a key substrate for neurodegeneration across many disorders. Despite the importance of regulated cholesterol and calcium homeostasis for brain health there has been an absence of research investigating the interdependence of these signaling molecules and how they can tune each other’s abundance at membranes to influence membrane identity. Here, we discuss the role of cholesterol in shaping calcium dynamics in a neurodegenerative disorder that arises due to mutations in the lysosomal cholesterol transporter, Niemann Pick Type C1 (NPC1). We discuss the molecular mechanisms through which altered lysosomal cholesterol transport influences calcium signaling pathways through remodeling of ion channel distribution at organelle–organelle membrane contacts leading to neurodegeneration. This scientific inquiry not only sheds light on NPC disease but also holds implications for comprehending other cholesterol-associated neurodegenerative disorders.

Funder

National Institute of General Medical Sciences

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Publisher

SAGE Publications

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