A critical analysis of education policy in turbulent times: A comparative study

Author:

Arar Khalid1ORCID,Zohri Abdel-Aziz1,Zohri Abdel-Aziz2,Alhouti Ibrahim3,Chaaban Youmen4,Sawalhi Rania4,Salha Soheil5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of CLAS, Texas State University San Marcos, San Marcos, TX, USA

2. Department of Languages, Communication, and Economic Environment, University Hassan 1st, Settat, Morocco

3. Kuwait University, Kuwait

4. Department of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

5. Faculty of Educational Sciences and Teachers’ Training, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory, occupied

Abstract

This study is a qualitative investigation of education policies and decision making during COVID-19 pandemic in five Middle East and North Africa Region (MENA) countries: Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, and Qatar. It aims at scrutinizing how these countries responded to the education disruption caused by the pandemic between February 2020 and July 2021 and how they managed the resulting turbulence. We also investigate the extent to which these decisions were equitable and innovative. Data were collected from Ministerial notes, media content, and international organizations reports about the situation of education in the region. Walt and Gilson’s (1994) policy analysis triangle and the Cynefin framework ( Kurtz & Snowden, 2003 ) guided the objectives and the analysis of the data. Findings revealed that these countries muddled through the education policy at the beginning of the pandemic, centralized decision making, and faced difficulties to implement online and distance learning. In the second phase, most of these countries tried to save education, but were halted by structural challenges. Some differences were witnessed among these countries in how they have dealt with the evolving crisis. However, some similarities have also been noticed at the levels of context, process and actors. The decisions taken often lacked innovation and led to less equitable outcomes. The discussion of the findings has some implications for education policy and education management in turbulent times in the MENA region.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Sociology and Political Science,Education

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