1. Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
2. Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
3. Nagayama Family Dental Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
4. Wing Town Dental Clinic, Okazaki, Japan
5. Manabe Dental Clinic, Gifu, Japan
6. Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
7. Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
8. Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
9. Department of Restorative Dental Sciences at the University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, USA