Cuspal Shape Alterations by Bmp4 Directing Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis

Author:

Kim E.-J.1,Kim H.-Y.2,Li L.3,Tang Q.4,Kim K.-H.1,Ohshima H.5ORCID,Jung H.-S.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea

2. NGeneS Inc., Ansan-si, Korea

3. Department of Biological Science, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA

4. Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA

5. Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan

Abstract

The enamel knot (EK), located at the center of cap stage tooth germs, is a transitory cluster of nondividing epithelial cells. The EK acts as a signaling center that provides positional information for tooth morphogenesis and regulates the growth of tooth cusps. To identify species-specific cuspal patterns, this study analyzed the cellular mechanisms in the EK that were related to bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp), which plays a crucial role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. To understand the cellular mechanisms in the EK, the differences between 2 species showing different cuspal patterning, mouse (pointy bunodont cusp) and gerbil (flat lophodont cusp), were analyzed with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescent staining. Based on these, we performed protein-soaked bead implantation on tooth germs of the 2 different EK regions and compared the cellular behavior in the EKs of the 2 species. Many genes related with cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and cell proliferation were involved in BMP signaling in the EK during tooth development. A comparison of the cell proliferation and apoptosis associated with Bmp revealed distinctive patterns of the cellular mechanisms. Our findings indicate that the cellular mechanisms, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, in the EK are related to Bmp4 and play an important role in tooth morphogenesis.

Funder

National Research Foundation of Korea

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

General Dentistry

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