Increased Anti-Allergic Effects of Secretome of Low-Level Light Treated Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Allergic Rhinitis Mouse Model

Abstract

Background Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is widely used for the photobiomodulation of cell behavior. Recent studies have shown that LLLT affects the proliferation and migration of various types of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, there is a lack of studies investigating the effect of LLT on enhancing the immunomodulatory properties of tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSCs). Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of conditioned media from T-MSCs (T-MSCs-CM) treated with LLLT in allergic inflammation. Methods We isolated T-MSCs from human palatine tonsils and evaluated the ingredients of T-MSCs-CM. The effect of T-MSCs-CM treated with LLLT was evaluated in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis (AR). We randomly divided the mice into four groups (negative control, positive control, T-MSCs-CM alone, and T-MSCs-CM treated with LLLT). To elucidate the therapeutic effect, we assessed rhinitis symptoms, serum immunoglobulin (Ig), the number of inflammatory cells, and cytokine expression. Results We identified increased expression of immunomodulatory factors, such as HGF, TGF-β, and PGE, in T-MSCs-CM treated with LLLT, compared to T-MSCs-CM without LLLT. Our animal study demonstrated reduced allergic symptoms and lower expression of total IgE and OVA-specific IgE in the LLLT-treated T-MSCs-CM group compared to the AR group and T-MSCs-CM alone. Moreover, we found that T-MSCs-CM treated with LLLT showed significantly decreased infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, and IL-17 cells in the nasal mucosa and reduced IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ expression in OVA-incubated splenocytes compared to the AR group. Conclusions The present study suggests that T-MSCs-CM treated with LLLT may provide an improved therapeutic effect against nasal allergic inflammation than T-MSCs-CM alone.