The experience of electroconvulsive therapy and its impact on associated stigma: A meta-analysis

Author:

Aoki Yuta12,Yamaguchi Sosei3,Ando Shuntaro24,Sasaki Natsuki5,Bernick Peter J6,Akiyama Tsuyoshi7

Affiliation:

1. The Child Study Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

2. Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

3. Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan

4. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan

5. Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

6. Center for Health and Community Medicine and the Student Accessibility Office, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

7. Department of Neuropsychiatry, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Abstract

Background: Despite its efficacy and safety, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is underutilized, in part due to stigma associated with the treatment. Aims: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that experiencing ECT has an impact on associated stigma, as measured by patient and family knowledge of and attitudes toward ECT. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Studies with cross-sectional and/or longitudinal designs were identified. Studies were further categorized into subcategories based on participant type (patients or patient family members) and outcome domain (knowledge or attitudes). Effect size (Cohen’s d) was calculated for each study and then integrated into each subcategory (participant type by outcome domain) using a random effect model. Results: Eight studies were identified as being eligible for analysis. Two studies were cross-sectional, five were longitudinal and one incorporated both designs. Analysis of the longitudinal studies indicated that experiencing ECT both increased knowledge of and improved attitudes toward ECT in patients; in family members of patients, analysis showed significant positive change in knowledge of ECT, but no significant change in attitudes toward ECT. Conclusion: Experience with ECT may have a positive impact on knowledge of and attitudes toward ECT. However, the quality of evidence of included studies was low; further research is required in order to clarify the relationship and to identify information of use to individuals considering ECT as a treatment option.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Psychiatry and Mental health

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