Factors associated with long-stay status in patients with schizophrenia: An analysis of national databases covering the entire Korean population

Abstract

Background: Admissions lasting over six months (long-stay) occur frequently among patients with schizophrenia in South Korea. Aims: To identify some patient-level and institution-level factors associated with long-stay status of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. We analysed a nationwide population-based reimbursement claims data set consisting of 496,338 claims for 58,287 patients with schizophrenia between 1 January 2005 and 30 June 2006. A two-level random effects logistic regression model was used to identify those factors. Results: Age (<20 years (ref), 60–69 (OR 2.000, 95% CI: 1.640–2.438), ≥ 70 (2.068, 1.682–2.543)), male gender (1.192, 1.144–1.242), type of national health insurance plan (national health insurance (ref), Medical Care Aid Type 1 (4.299, 4.024–4.593)), secondary diagnosis (none (ref), psychiatric diagnosis (0.719, 0.666–0.777), non-psychiatric diagnosis (0.918, 0.850–0.991)) and type of institution (clinic (ref), psychiatric hospital (2.769, 1.507–5.087)) were associated with likelihood of long-stay status. Institutional variable associated with long-stay status included a higher number of beds (1.073, 1.013–1.137). The number of professionals (0.752, 0.646–0.876) showed negative association with long-stay status. Conclusions: Researchers could improve their assessment of long-stay status of patients with schizophrenia by using a two-level analysis including patient-level and institution-level factors. This study suggests that mental health interventions to reduce the long stay of patients with schizophrenia focus on older male patients, those enrolled in a national medical care aid programme and those admitted to psychiatric hospitals.