Psychotic symptoms associate inversely with social support, social autonomy and psychosocial functioning: A community-based study

Abstract

Background: Population-based studies exploring psychotic symptoms (PS) show that their prevalence in the community is higher than previously thought. Psychosocial functioning and social support are poorer among people presenting clinical and subclinical PS. Aims: We aimed to estimate the prevalence rate of PS in Andalusia and to explore the association between PS and psychosocial functioning, social support and social autonomy in a Southern European population. Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional study. We undertook multi-stage sampling using different standard stratification techniques. Out of 5496 households approached, we interviewed 4507 (83.7%) randomly selected participants living in the autonomous region of Andalusia (Southern Spain). The Spanish version of the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to elicit PS. We also gathered information on socio-demographic factors, suicidality risk, psychosocial functioning, social support and social autonomy. Results: The overall prevalence of PS was 6.7% (95% CI: 5.99–6.45). PS were associated with lower age (OR 0.975; 95% CI (0.967–0.983); p < .0001), female gender (OR = 1.346; 95% CI (1.05–1.07) p = .018), not living in a rural area (OR = 0.677; 95% CI (0.50–0.90) p = 0.009), lower social support (OR = 0.898; 95% CI (0.85–0.94) p < .0001), lower scores on social autonomy (OR = 0.889; 95% CI (0.79–1.00) p = .050), having an increased suicidality risk score (OR = 1.038; 95% CI (1.005–1.07); p = .023) and having lower scores on psychosocial functioning (OR = 0.956; 95% CI (0.95–0.96); p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Social outcomes seem to be strongly inversely associated with PS in spite of presumed higher levels of social support among Southern European cultures.