Pharmacologic characterization of atogepant: A potent and selective calcitonin gene–related peptide receptor antagonist

Abstract

Background The trigeminal sensory neuropeptide calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP) is identified as an essential element in migraine pathogenesis. Methods In vitro and in vivo studies evaluated pharmacologic properties of the CGRP receptor antagonist atogepant. Radioligand binding using 125I-CGRP and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation assays were conducted in human embryonic kidney 293 cells to assess affinity, functional potency and selectivity. Atogepant in vivo potency was assessed in the rat nitroglycerine model of facial allodynia and primate capsaicin-induced dermal vasodilation (CIDV) pharmacodynamic model. Cerebrospinal fluid/brain penetration and behavioral effects of chronic dosing and upon withdrawal were evaluated in rats. Results Atogepant exhibited high human CGRP receptor-binding affinity and potently inhibited human α-CGRP-stimulated cAMP responses. Atogepant exhibited significant affinity for the amylin1 receptor but lacked appreciable affinities for adrenomedullin, calcitonin and other known neurotransmitter receptor targets. Atogepant dose-dependently inhibited facial allodynia in the rat nitroglycerine model and produced significant CIDV inhibition in primates. Brain penetration and behavioral/physical signs during chronic dosing and abrupt withdrawal were minimal in rats. Conclusions Atogepant is a competitive antagonist with high affinity, potency and selectivity for the human CGRP receptor. Atogepant demonstrated a potent, concentration-dependent exposure/efficacy relationship between atogepant plasma concentrations and inhibition of CGRP-dependent effects.