Migraine and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A population-based cohort study

Abstract

Background Migraine is associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy through common pathophysiological features. This study evaluates the association between migraine diagnosis and treatment, and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD, a large longitudinal database of patient records in the UK. We analyzed data from liveborn or stillborn singleton deliveries from 1993–2020 with at least 24 months of medical history and no history of cardiovascular disease (n = 1,049,839). We ascertained migraine through diagnosis or prescription codes before 20 weeks of gestation and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy through diagnosis codes between 20 weeks of pregnancy and delivery. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate the risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals, comparing risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among individuals with migraine to those without migraine, adjusting for confounders. Conclusions A history of migraine prior to pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09–1.26). The greatest risk was among those with pre-pregnancy migraine that persisted into the first trimester (RR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.35–2.50). Use of migraine medication was associated with a higher risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy compared to non-migraineurs (RR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.15–1.97). Results from this study indicate that migraine is a potential risk factor for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.