Discrepancy between strong cephalic arterial dilatation and mild headache caused by prostaglandin D2 (PGD2)

Abstract

Introduction: Prostaglandins (PGs) are involved in nociception and mast cell degranulation. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a vasodilatator released during mast cell degranulation. The headache-eliciting effect of PGD2 has not been studied in man. Subjects and methods: Twelve healthy volunteers were randomly allocated to receive intravenous infusion of 384 ng/kg/min PGD2 over 25 min in a placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over study. We recorded headache intensity and associated symptoms, velocity in the middle cerebral artery (VMCA) and diameter of the superficial temporal artery (STA) and radial artery (RA) using ultrasonography. Results: In the period 0–14 h, 11 subjects reported headache on PGD2 compared to one subject on placebo ( P = 0.002). During the in-hospital phase (0–120 min), the area under the headache curve was larger on PGD2 compared to placebo ( P < 0.05). Median peak headache, 1 (0–1), occurred 10 min after start of PGD2 infusion. There was no difference in incidence of headache in the post-hospital phase between PGD2 ( n = 3) and placebo ( n = 1). There was a decrease in VMCA ( P < 0.001), increase in STA ( P < 0.001) and RA ( P < 0.006) diameter during PGD2 infusion compared to placebo. Peak decrease in VMCA was 28.3% after 10 min and peak increase in STA was 55.7% after 20 min on the PGD2 day. Conclusions: The present study shows that PGD2 is a very strong vasodilator of MCA, STA and RA, but causes only mild headache.