Pain and Complications Following Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Harvested From the Iliac Crest in Foot and Ankle Surgery

Abstract

Background Autologous bone graft is the gold standard in orthopedics, with the iliac crest the most common harvest site. In an attempt to minimize morbidity with open bone graft harvest from the iliac crest and still maintain the benefit of collecting and transplanting live cells and growth factors, bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) from the iliac crest has become increasingly popular. However, any harvest procedure can potentially cause pain and complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and complications of BMAC from the iliac crest for use in foot and ankle fusion procedures. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients who underwent BMAC harvest from the iliac crest with their foot or ankle procedure by 1 of 4 fellowship-trained surgeons (2014-2017) with a minimum of 6-month follow-up. Patients were evaluated for complications, pain, and functional limitation secondary to the harvest. The final outcome follow-up was conducted using a specifically designed telephone questionnaire to assess patient satisfaction. A total of 55 patients were included, with a median age of 58 years (range 31-81 years) and 69% were women. Results Out of 55 patients, 52 (94.5%) reported good to excellent results, and satisfaction with the procedure at the time of the questionnaire. Three patients reported persistent complications and some element of dissatisfaction after 6 months. Some patients reported transient complications (hematomas and numbness) that eventually resolved. Fifty percent of patients reported some element of immediate post-operative pain. However, at the time of final follow-up, only 2 reported persistent pain at the harvest site lasting up to 6 months, but it was not activity limiting. Conclusion BMAC harvest is a safe procedure with a high rate of patient satisfaction and minimal morbidity. Levels of Evidence Level IV: Case series