Mini-Open Achilles Tendon Repair: Improving Outcomes While Decreasing Complications

Abstract

An acute rupture of the Achilles tendon is a traumatic injury that can cause considerable morbidity and reduced function. Nonoperative intervention may put patients at higher risk of rerupture, whereas surgical intervention carries risk of infection, wound complications, and iatrogenic nerve injury. The mini-open Achilles tendon repair technique has been popularized in helping decrease complications. The goal of this study was to examine and compare the functional outcomes and rate of complications in patients treated with a mini-open repair technique versus a traditional open repair for acute Achilles tendon ruptures. A retrospective review was performed of all patients with a complete Achilles tendon rupture that were treated by a single foot and ankle fellowship-trained surgeon. Functional outcome scores were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle scoring system (AOFAS) and the Achilles Tendon Rupture Score (ATRS). Eighty-one patients with a complete Achilles tendon rupture underwent mini-open repair and 22 patients underwent traditional open repair surgery between 2013 and 2020. The mean follow-up was 38.40 months (range, 12-71). Mean preoperative AOFAS and ATRS improved in the mini-open group from 45.60 and 47.18 respectively, to 90.29 and 87.97 after surgery (p < .05). Mean preoperative AOFAS and ATRS scores for the traditional open repair (n = 22) cohort were 44.02 and 42.27, respectively. Postoperatively, the AOFAS and ATRS scores improved to 85.27 and 86.64 (P value < .05), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative ATRS scores. However, the mini-open repair group showed a statistically higher postoperative AOFAS score (90.30) than the traditional open-repair group (85.27) (P value < .05). The overall complication rate for our study was 2.9% (2 mini-open repair and 1 traditional open repair). The complication rate in the mini-open repair group and traditional open repair cohort were 2.4% and 4.5%, respectively (P value > .05). One patient in the mini-open repair cohort (1.2%) reruptured his Achilles tendon 4 months postoperatively. A second patient in the mini-open repair group (1.2%) developed a superficial skin infection and suture irritation. One patient (4.5%) in the traditional open repair group developed a superficial skin infection. There were no sural nerve injuries in our series. The mini-open approach to repair a ruptured Achilles tendon is a viable treatment option to decrease the incidence rate of postoperative complications and rerupture rates while also producing a superior cosmetic result. Level of Evidence: 3 (retrospective cohort study N ≥ 30).