Association Between Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Coronary Calcification in Patients Referred for Invasive Coronary Angiography

Abstract

This study aimed to determine whether red cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with coronary calcification. A total of 4796 patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography and subsequent invasive coronary angiography were consecutively enrolled. Coronary artery calcium score (CACS), demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from electronic medical records. RDW were expressed in two forms, as a coefficient of variation (CV) or as a standard deviation (SD). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to investigate the association of RDW with CACS grades (CACS 0–99, 100–399, 400–999, and >1000). A significant association was found between elevated RDW-SD and higher CACS grades after full adjustment (adjusted OR per 1-SD increase: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05–1.18; P < .001), while no significant association was found between RDW-CV and CACS grades. When RDW-SD was analyzed as a categorical variable, it was primarily the 4th quartile of RDW-SD that was associated with elevated CACS grades compared with the 1st quartile (adjusted OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.07–1.46; P = .006), while the 2nd and 3rd quartiles showed no significantly higher risk. RDW-SD is a more robust biomarker for coronary calcification compared with RDW-CV.