Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mimicking Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy localized to the left ventricular apex. It is common in Japanese and other Asian populations, where it is generally considered relatively benign. However, its presence has also been recognized, though less commonly, in non-Asian patients. In these patients, the electrocardiographic changes and symptoms associated with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy often mimic acute coronary syndromes. Invasive or noninvasive evaluation of the left ventricular cavity confirms the diagnosis, with the “ace-of-spades” sign on left ventriculography being pathognomonic. Its prognosis is relatively benign in terms of cardiovascular mortality; however, morbid sequelae, such as diastolic dysfunction, left atrial enlargement, apical thrombi, ventricular aneurysms, and myocardial infarction, are not uncommon. The authors present a case of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a Caucasian patient who presented with findings suggestive of acute coronary syndrome and review the literature on apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.