Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke and Paradoxical Embolism: Should A Patent Foramen Ovale Be Closed?

Abstract

Paradoxical embolism is a well-recognized cause of stroke. While the diagnosis in the majority of the cases with a patent foramen ovale is presumptive, numerous treatment strategies have been described. However, there is no single approach that has been overwhelmingly recom mended for these patients. A patient is described who presented with ischemic stroke. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed a thrombus that straddled a patent foramen ovale. Anticoagulation with intravenous heparin resulted in resolution of thrombus and neuro logic deficit. The literature regarding diagnosis and treatment of paradoxical embolism in the presence of patent foramen ovale is reviewed.