Establishment of a Medication Acuity Scoring Tool at a Tertiary Pediatric Teaching Hospital: A 2-Phase Process

Abstract

Background: Currently, there is no validated objective rating system to address the acuity of medication orders that pharmacists review. Objective: The objective was to assess the acuity of a given medication through creating and validating an acuity scoring tool. Methods: Phase I included the development of the medication acuity scoring tool (MAST) from national safety standards and clinical experience. A survey was administered to pharmacists nationwide to establish a consensus on the individual components of the tool and their associated weighted scores. Phase II was designed to assess MAST's predictive validity by comparing a medication acuity rating generated by MAST to a rating assigned based upon clinical experience of experts. Additionally, in phase II, interrater and intrarater reliability of MAST was evaluated. Results: In phase I, most of MAST’s components and their associated scores achieved >75% agreement for inclusion in the final tool. In phase II, without MAST, approximately 50% of pharmacist-assigned acuity ratings were statistically consistent with tool-generated acuity ratings, and there was fair agreement between respondents (k=0.31). With the use of MAST, agreement in acuity ratings improved to substantial (k=0.69), and intrarater reliability was almost perfect (k=0.88). Conclusion: MAST is a validated rating system that captures the acuity of medications.