Inherited Thrombophilia

Abstract

Thrombophilia alters normal hemostasis, shifting the balance in favor of thrombus formation. Inherited conditions include factor V Leiden (FVL), prothrombin G20210A mutation, deficiencies in natural anticoagulants (antithrombin [AT], protein C, and protein S), hyperhomocysteinemia, and elevations in clotting factors (factors VIII and XI). Although FVL and prothrombin mutation are common disorders, deficiencies in the natural anticoagulants are rare. The risk of initial thrombosis conferred by inherited thrombophilia varies with the highest risk in those homozygous for either FVL or prothrombin mutation, or with AT deficiency. In the nonpregnant patient, the presence of a thrombophilia does not affect treatment of an acute event. Although vitamin B supplementation has been shown to decrease the levels of homocysteine, the treatment has failed to show a benefit in thrombus prevention and is therefore not recommended.