The Three Nordic 1994 Referenda Concerning Membership in the EU

Author:

BJØRKLUND TOR

Abstract

The three Nordic referenda held in 1994 ended with Finland and Sweden inside and Norway outside the EU. Despite different outcomes, there are similarities in public opinion in the three countries regarding EU membership. The trend in opinion development from the beginning of the 1990s to the autumn of 1994 was the same, support for membership dropping in all three countries. Consequently, an international component could be observed. The most visible similarity, however, was the regional contrast — a south-north axis — with the stronghold of the opponents of membership in the rural areas in the north. A centre-periphery conflict appeared. The peripheries — defined not only geographically, but also socially (i.e. low socio-economic status) — were primarily in opposition to membership. However, the strengths of the peripheries vary. In Finland and Sweden the centre defeated the periphery, whereas in Norway the periphery defeated the centre. The strength of the Norwegian periphery is interpreted with reference to `political culture' as well as `self-interest' factors.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Political Science and International Relations

Cited by 18 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

1. EU Accession Referendums;The Palgrave Handbook of European Referendums;2021

2. The EFTA Enlargement;The Palgrave Handbook of European Referendums;2021

3. Referendum Practice in Sweden;The Politics of Referendum Use in European Democracies;2019

4. The Lutheran Intergovernmentalism of Norway;The Political Theology of European Integration;2017

5. Theology and Integration;The Political Theology of European Integration;2017

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3