The Landscape of Health Technology for Equity Deserving Groups in Rural Communities: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background Equity-deserving groups face well-known health disparities that are exacerbated by rural residence. Health technologies have shown promise in reducing disparities among these groups, but there has been no comprehensive evidence synthesis of outcomes. Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the patient, healthcare, and economic outcomes of health technology applications with rural living equity-deserving groups. Research Design The databases searched included Medline and Embase. Articles were assessed for bias using the McGill mixed methods appraisal tool. Analysis Data were synthesized narratively using a convergent integrated approach for qualitative and quantitative findings. Results This evidence synthesis includes papers ( n = 21) that reported on health technologies targeting rural equity-deserving groups. Overall, patient outcomes - knowledge, self-efficacy, weight loss, and clinical indicators - improved. Healthcare access improved with greater convenience, flexibility, time and travel savings, though travel was still occasionally necessary. All studies reported satisfaction with health technologies. Technology challenges reported related to connectivity and infrastructure issues influencing appointment quality and modality options. While some studies reported additional costs, overall, studies indicated cost savings for patients. Conclusions There is a paucity of research on health technologies targeting rural equity-deserving groups, and the available research has primarily focused on women. While current evidence was primarily of high quality, research is needed inclusive of equity-deserving groups and interventions co-designed with users that integrate culturally sensitive approaches. Review registered with Prospero ID = CRD42021285994.