Biocompatible PEG Grafting on DLC-coated Nitinol Alloy for Vascular Stents

Abstract

The surfaces of Nitinol (TiNi), a popular metal alloy for arterial stents were thin-coated with diamond-like carbon (DLC) and then grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to increase biocompatibility. The TiNi control, DLC-coated TiNi (TiNi—DLC), and the PEG-grafted TiNi—DLC (TiNi—DLC—PEG) surface characteristics and biocompatibility were evaluated. The hydrophilicity of the TiNi—DLC—PEG significantly increased and the amount of both oxygen and nitrogen on the TiNi—DLC—PEG also increased compared to the TiNi control and TiNi—DLC due to the grafted PEG. The ratio between albumin and fibrinogen was higher on the PEG-grafted surface than the other surfaces when tested with human blood components; the platelet adhesion decreased the most on the TiNi—DLC—PEG surface, indicating improved blood compatibility. For in vivo tests using a rat model, the samples that were implanted for 6 weeks formed fibrous tissue; the tissue layer was much thinner on the PEG-grafted sample than the other two groups. The present results indicate that PEG-grafted TiNi—DLC surface may be effective in enhancing biocompatibility of blood-contacting biomaterials including vascular stents.