Quantification of Macrophage Viability and Inflammatory Response to Dental Bonding Resins

Abstract

This study presented a well-characterized biocompatibility profile of dental bonding agents in a mouse macrophage in vitro model. The cellular response to four different formulations of dental bonding resins and the cell viability was determined. Materials were prepared by photopolymerization and the unreacted monomers were extracted in a buffered medium. Murine macrophages were incubated in the extract medium for 24 h. Cellular viability was assessed by fluorescence microscopy and Wst-1 assay, while flow cytometry was used to quantify the apoptotic response. As an indicator of inflammatory responses, real-time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to quantify elevated cytokine production. These responses were monitored by quantifying the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) produced by the cells. Murine macrophage cells exposed to the unfilled resin systems containing glycidyl ether of bisphenol A (Bis-GMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) had the most adverse response and cells exposed to the filled Bis-GMA and HEMA resin system were the most viable at photopolymerization times. Other resin systems displayed intermediate levels of viability when compared with the untreated control. The levels of IL-1β were significantly elevated in all samples.