Affiliation:
1. Cranfield University, Bedford, UK
Abstract
ObjectiveWe extend the theory of conceptual categories to flight safety events, to understand variations in pilot event knowledge.BackgroundExperienced, highly trained pilots sometimes fail to recognize events, resulting in procedures not being followed, damaging safety. Recognition is supported by typical, representative members of a concept. Variations in typicality (“gradients”) could explain variations in pilot knowledge, and hence recognition. The role of simulations and everyday flight operations in the acquisition of useful, flexible concepts is poorly understood. We illustrate uses of the theory in understanding the industry-wide problem of nontypical events.MethodOne hundred and eighteen airline pilots responded to scenario descriptions, rating them for typicality and indicating the source of their knowledge about each scenario.ResultsSignificant variations in typicality in flight safety event concepts were found, along with key gradients that may influence pilot behavior. Some concepts were linked to knowledge gained in simulator encounters, while others were linked to real flight experience.ConclusionExplicit training of safety event concepts may be an important adjunct to what pilots may variably glean from simulator or operational flying experiences, and may result in more flexible recognition and improved response.ApplicationRegulators, manufacturers, and training providers can apply these principles to develop new approaches to pilot training that better prepare pilots for event diversity.
Subject
Behavioral Neuroscience,Applied Psychology,Human Factors and Ergonomics
Reference42 articles.
1. Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB). (2015). Report on the accident to Airbus A319-131, G-EUOE London Heathrow Airport 24 May 2013.
2. Ideals, central tendency, and frequency of instantiation as determinants of graded structure in categories.
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