Water Immersion Reduced-Gravity Simulation

Abstract

A water immersion technique for simulating zero- and partial-gravity conditions has been developed and employed to examine several extravehicular task areas in space. The technique allows the pressure-suited subject to move in six degrees of freedom unencumbered by connecting supports and simulates his biomechanical performance in weightless space. The technique is useful in examining the astronaut's capability to execute extravehicular work procedures, developing man-system engineering data, and as a training system. Several extravehicular task areas have been examined, including ingress-egress through airlock systems, manual self-locomotion, manipulation and maintenance tasks, and assessment of rescue procedures. Although limited in the study of rapid translatory tasks by the drag and damping effects of the water, the technique permits a perceptual equivalent simulation of complex manipulative tasks in real time. A description of the test procedures, equipment, and several typical tests is provided.