Driver Situation Awareness for Regaining Control from Conditionally Automated Vehicles: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies

Abstract

Objective An up-to-date and thorough literature review is needed to identify factors that influence driver situation awareness (SA) during control transitions in conditionally automated vehicles (AV). This review also aims to ascertain SA components required for takeovers, aiding in the design and evaluation of human–vehicle interfaces (HVIs) and the selection of SA assessment methodologies. Background Conditionally AVs alleviate the need for continuous road monitoring by drivers yet necessitate their reengagement during control transitions. In these instances, driver SA is crucial for effective takeover decisions and subsequent actions. A comprehensive review of influential SA factors, SA components, and SA assessment methods will facilitate driving safety in conditionally AVs but is still lacking. Method A systematic literature review was conducted. Thirty-four empirical research articles were screened out to meet the criteria for inclusion and exclusion. Results A conceptual framework was developed, categorizing 23 influential SA factors into four clusters: task/system, situational, individual, and nondriving-related task factors. The analysis also encompasses an examination of pertinent SA components and corresponding HVI designs for specific takeover events, alongside an overview of SA assessment methods for conditionally AV takeovers. Conclusion The development of a conceptual framework outlining influential SA factors, the examination of SA components and their suitable design of presentation, and the review of SA assessment methods collectively contribute to enhancing driving safety in conditionally AVs. Application This review serves as a valuable resource, equipping researchers and practitioners with insights to guide their efforts in evaluating and enhancing driver SA during conditionally AV takeovers.