Affiliation:
1. Christopher S. Carpenter is the E. Bronson Ingram Professor of Economics at Vanderbilt University. Samuel T. Eppink was a PhD candidate at Vanderbilt University at the time this study was conducted. He is currently a Prevention Effectiveness Fellow at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Gilbert Gonzales is an Assistant Professor in the Center for Medicine, Health, and Society at Vanderbilt University
Abstract
This article provides the first large-scale evidence on transgender status, gender identity, and socioeconomic outcomes in the United States, using representative data from 35 states in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), which asked identical questions about transgender status and gender identity during at least one year from 2014 to 2017. More than 2,100 respondents, aged 18 to 64 years, identified as transgender. Individuals who identify as transgender are significantly less likely to be college educated and less likely to identify as heterosexual than are individuals who do not identify as transgender. Controlling for these and other observed characteristics, transgender individuals have significantly lower employment rates, lower household incomes, higher poverty rates, and worse self-rated health compared to otherwise similar men who are not transgender.
Subject
Management of Technology and Innovation,Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management,Strategy and Management
Cited by
95 articles.
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