1. Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
2. University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt
3. Department of Marketing and Management, School of Business, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
4. Business Administration Department, Faculty of Commerce, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
5. United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE