Why are Neutrophils Polymorphonuclear?

Abstract

Most cells in the human body have a spherical or ovoid nucleus. The mature human neutrophil, unlike most other cells exhibits a distinctly non-spherical nucleus, which is segmented into three to five lobes. The possible mechanisms underlying this segmented nuclear shape have been explored. The structure of the nuclear envelope, composition of lamins and lamin-B receptor seems to have an important role in shaping the nucleus. Being the first line of defense, neutrophils migrate rapidly to the site of infection and destroy the invading pathogen. This requires negotiation through narrow capillaries, transmigration across the vessel wall and passage through tight tissue spaces. Segmented shape confers increased nuclear flexibility, thereby easing the migration of neutrophils through narrow channels. The segmented shape of the nucleus may also play a role in intranuclear chromatin organization and gene expression. The unique shape of the neutrophil nucleus seems to be an adaptation to facilitate its function.