Sex-based differences in treatment approaches and outcomes among patients with mpox: Limitations of real-world data

Abstract

Background Limited data on females with mpox restricts understanding of potential sex-based disparities in treatment and outcomes. This study aims to investigate these differences using administrative claims and clinical data repositories. Methods We retrospectively analyzed adults diagnosed with mpox using TriNetX, stratifying cohorts by sex. The primary outcome included urgent care, emergency room, and hospitalization visits, with secondary outcomes including clinical findings, vaccination, and treatment. Results Among 2011 cases, 90% were male. Males were older, more likely to identify as Hispanic or Latino, and had higher HIV prevalence and sexually transmitted infection rates. Hospitalization rates were low for both groups, with similar healthcare utilization. However, males received fewer opioid analgesics, glucocorticoids, and antiemetics versus females. Vaccination and tecovirimat use were minimal in both groups. Conclusion Addressing sex disparities in mpox treatment and outcomes is crucial, but existing data sources like administrative claims and clinical data repositories pose limitations.