Predicting cardiovascular risk using a novel risk score in young and middle-age adults with HIV: associations with biomarkers and carotid atherosclerotic plaque

Author:

Rodriguez Violeta J12ORCID,Abbamonte John M1,Parrish Manasi S1,Jones Deborah L1ORCID,Weiss Stephen1,Pallikkuth Suresh3,Toborek Michal4,Alcaide Maria L5,Jayaweera Dushyantha5,Pahwa Savita3,Rundek Tatjana67,Hurwitz Barry E8910,Kumar Mahendra1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

2. Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

4. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

5. Division of Infectious Disease, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

6. Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

7. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

8. Behavioral Medicine Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA

9. Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA

10. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA

Abstract

Background Traditional risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) include older age, smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and family history. Young-to-middle age adults (YMAA) are less often identified as being at risk of CVD, but traditional risk scores primarily target older adults and do not accurately estimate risk among YMAA. Methods This study examined biomarkers associated with CVD risk in YMAA in the context of HIV and cocaine use; risk was assessed by two methods: (1) a relative cardiovascular (CV) risk score that includes several factors and (2) carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Associations between CVD risk (CV risk score and carotid atherosclerotic plaque) and proinflammatory cytokines, markers of immune activation, HIV status, and cocaine use were examined. Participants ( N = 506) included people with and without HIV and people who use or do not use cocaine. Results Participants’ mean age was 36 (SD = 9.53); half (51%) were men. Cocaine use and C-reactive protein were associated with greater relative CV risk scores, but no associations between biomarkers and CV risk emerged. Age and CV risk scores were associated with carotid atherosclerotic plaque, but biomarkers were not. HIV was not associated with CV risk scores or carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Conclusions Among YMAA, CV risk scores may help providers identify lifestyle changes needed among those at risk for CVD before more advanced risk (e.g., atherosclerotic plaque) is identified. Implications are discussed.

Funder

Philanthropic Educational Organization

National Academy of Sciences

Foundation for the National Institutes of Health

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Pharmacology (medical),Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Dermatology

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