Effects of rifampicin, CYP2B6 and ABCB1 polymorphisms on efavirenz plasma concentration in Chinese patients living with HIV and tuberculosis

Abstract

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading opportunistic infection of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH). Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 ( ABCB1) are involved in the metabolism and transportation of efavirenz. The study was aimed to investigate the effects of rifampicin, CYP2B6 and ABCB1 polymorphisms on efavirenz exposure in Chinese PLWH co-infected with TB. Method PLWH were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into HIV group and HIV/TB group. Efavirenz plasma concentration (C0) was determined, dose-adjusted concentration (C0/D) was calculated, and genotypes of CYP2B6 516G>T, 785A>G, and ABCB1 2677G>T, 3435C>T were analyzed. Results 252 PLWH were enrolled, including 75 co-infected with TB and concomitant with rifampicin. Efavirenz C0 and C0/D were both higher in HIV group (1.94 μg/mL, 0.2007 (μg/ml)/(mg/kg/d)) compared with HIV/TB group (1.52 μg/mL, 0.1557 (μg/ml)/(mg/kg/d)) ( p = .001). Efavirenz C0/D was significantly higher in patients with variant genotypes of CYP2B6 516G>T and 785A>G ( p<.001), and was significantly lower in HIV/TB group compared with HIV group among patients with CYP2B6 516 GG, TT, and 785 AA, AG genotypes ( p < .05). Conclusion Efavirenz exposure is reduced by co-administration with rifampicin, and related to genetic polymorphisms of CYP2B6.