The association between stigma and wellbeing in an Italian cohort of PLWH: The role of social support and personal factors

Abstract

Our aim was to assess the association between different types of stigma and physical, behavioural and emotional wellbeing, and to evaluate whether these associations were mediated by the level of social support, age, education, sex and time from HIV diagnosis in an Italian cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH). We enrolled 96 PLWH and had them complete a cross-sectional online survey that included the “HSS-12”, the “SF-12” and the “DASS-21”. We performed linear regression analyses to explore the associations between the HSS-12 scores and cART adherence, viral load, SF-12 and DASS-21 scores, and a mediation analysis to identify mediators in the significant associations. We showed that higher level of depression and worse perception of mental health were significantly associated with higher HSS-12 “personalised stigma” ( p = .009, p = .020) “disclosure concerns” ( p = .012, p = .039), “concerns about public attitudes” ( p =.007, p = .005) and “negative self-image” scores; ( p < .001, p = .001); worse perception of physical health status was associated with higher HSS-12 “personalised stigma” scores ( p = .018); higher level of anxiety and stress were associated with higher ”negative self-image” scores (0.001 and p < .001). The association between higher HSS-12 “negative self-image” and higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress were mediated by lower age (a*b = +0.10; a*b = +0.12; a*b = +0.11). This study may have important implications for clinical practice as it contributes to understanding the characteristics and consequences of HIV-related stigma in a population of PLWH with excellent viroimmunological status and therapeutic adherence.