1. Lewis Mumford, The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects ( New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1961), 401.
2. David Schuyler, The New Urban Landscape: The Redefinition of City Form in Nineteenth-Century America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), 192
3. Plan of Chicago (New York : Princeton Architectural Press, 1993), 34.
4. Mel Scott, American City Planning Since 1890: A History Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary of the American Institute of Planners (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969), 108.