Social Determinants of Health, Tribal Payments, and Probability of Contracting COVID-19 in American Indian and Alaska Native Peoples

Author:

Henderson Austin1ORCID,MacLehose Richard F.2,Manson Spero M.3,Buchwald Dedra4

Affiliation:

1. Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health (IREACH), Washington State University, Seattle, Washington, USA

2. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Publich Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

3. Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA

4. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA

Abstract

Little is known about the relationships between demographic and economic social determinants of health and the probability of contracting COVID-19 in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) peoples. In addition, we do not know if and how tribal payments, unique to AI/AN peoples, are associated with the probability of contracting COVID-19. We surveyed 767 AI/AN patients of five geographically disparate health organizations that primarily served AI/AN peoples in urban settings between January and May of 2021. We used univariate modified Poisson regressions to estimate the influence of age, gender, household composition, education, household income, and tribal payments on risk of contracting COVID-19, with results presented as both risk and risk difference. Fifteen percent of the sample contracted COVID-19, and individuals who lived in households with two or more generations had an 11-percentage point elevated risk of contracting COVID-19 compared to those who lived alone. Twenty-seven percent of participants received tribal payments; receipt was associated with seven percentage points (change from 18% probability to 11% probability) lower risk of contracting COVID-19. Our findings showed interventions specifically designed to reduce the spread of COVID-19 in multigenerational households, and regular tribal payments may help improve health outcomes in urban AI/AN populations.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Publisher

SAGE Publications

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