Cambodia's Imminent Graduation from Least Developed Country Status: What Will be the Impact of the TRIPS Agreement on Access to HIV and Hepatitis C Medicines in Cambodia?

Author:

Tenni Brigitte12ORCID,Lexchin Joel3ORCID,Phin Sovath4,Gleeson Deborah5

Affiliation:

1. School of Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia

2. Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

3. School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, Canada

4. Faculty of Law and Public Affairs, Pannasastra University of Cambodia (PUC), Phnom Penh, Cambodia

5. School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia

Abstract

Cambodia has experienced exponential economic growth in recent years and is expected to graduate from least developed country (LDC) status within the next decade. Membership of the World Trade Organization (WTO) will require Cambodia to grant product and process patents for pharmaceuticals upon LDC graduation. This study aims to measure the impact of the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) on the price of HIV and hepatitis C medicine in Cambodia once it graduates from LDC status and is obliged to make patents available for pharmaceutical products and processes. Using scenarios based on likely outcomes of accession to the TRIPS Agreement, it measures the impact on the price of the HIV treatment program and compares that impact with the hepatitis C treatment program. Graduation from LDC status would be expected to result in a modest increase in the cost of the antiretroviral (ARV) treatment program and very large increases in the cost of the direct acting antivirals (DAA) treatment program. If annual treatment budgets remain constant, patent protection could see 1,515 fewer people living with HIV able to access ARV treatment and 2,577 fewer people able to access DAA treatment (a drop in treatment coverage of 93%).

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Reference87 articles.

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2. World Bank. Cambodia: Reducing Poverty and Sharing Prosperity October 29, 2019 [cited 2022 9th August 2022]. Available from: https://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2019/10/30/cambodia-reducing-poverty-and-sharing-prosperity.

3. de Gaudemar M. Cambodia to remain among Least Developed Countries, for now. The Phnom Penh Post. 09 December 2016.

4. Doha WTO Ministerial 2001: TRIPS WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2 20 November 2001, (Adopted on 14 November 2001).

5. Kingdom of Camboida. HEALTH STRATEGIC PLAN 2016-2020 “Quality, Effective and Equitable Health Services”. In: Department of Planning & Health Information, editor. May 2016.

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