Nutritional Supplements for Healthy Aging: A Critical Analysis Review

Author:

Kaufman Matthew W.12ORCID,DeParis Sarah3,Oppezzo Marily24,Mah Cheri5,Roche Megan12,Frehlich Levi26ORCID,Fredericson Michael12

Affiliation:

1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA (MK, MR, MF)

2. Stanford Lifestyle Medicine, Redwood City, CA, USA (MK, MO, MR, LF, MF)

3. Department of Ophthalmology, The Permanente Medical Group, San Rafael, CA, USA (SD)

4. Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA (MO)

5. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Sleep Medicine Center, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA (CM)

6. Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (LF)

Abstract

Background: Healthy aging is defined as survival to advanced age while retaining autonomy in activities of daily living, high societal participation, and good quality of life. Sarcopenia, insomnia, cognitive impairment, and changes in sensation can be key hinderances to healthy aging, but nutritional supplements may abate their impact. As research advances, an updated review on their efficacy on age-related conditions is warranted. Results: Sarcopenia can be mitigated through proper protein intake, supplements like creatine, and in certain situations Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Vitamin D, in adults over 65. Melatonin supplementation has moderate evidence for improving sleep, while valerian root lacks evidence. Magnesium, tart cherry, and kiwifruits have shown promising impacts on sleep in limited articles. Magnesium, Vitamin D, and B vitamin supplementation have been shown to improve cognition in those with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease but require further study prior to recommendation. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study supplement combination is routinely recommended to reduce risk of progression to advance stages of age-related macular degeneration. Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Folate have been investigated for their roles in mitigating age-related hearing losses. Conclusions: Nutritional supplements and lifestyle changes may mitigate disabilities across multiple domains of age-related illnesses and promote healthy aging.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

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