Clinical and echocardiographic predicators of postoperative atrial fibrillation

Abstract

Background Postoperative atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia after coronary artery bypass grafting, with a reported incidence of 10% to 60%. Preoperative clinical and echocardiographic data, especially the atrial electromechanical interval, predict postoperative atrial fibrillation in elective coronary artery bypass patients. Methods A prospective study evaluated preoperative clinical and echocardiographic data in 192 patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass from 2010 to 2012. Results 18 (9.37%) patients developed postoperative atrial fibrillation. Compared to patients without postoperative atrial fibrillation, these 18 had significantly longer intensive care unit and hospital stays, they were significantly older (58.62 ± 10.02 vs. 53.22 ± 8.23 years; p = 0.02), with a larger left atrial volume (83.39 ± 8.31 vs. 55.47 ± 8.37 cm3, p = 0.001), longer atrial electromechanical interval (133.67 ± 8.15 vs. 98.05 ± 6.71 ms p < 0.0001), and lower tissue Doppler imaging systolic velocity wave amplitude (6.6 ± 1 vs. 9.4 ± 2.2 cm·s−1; p = 0.001); they also had a higher prevalence of hypertension (61.11% vs. 38.5%; p = 0.04). Using 115 ms as the cutoff value of atrial electromechanical interval enabled us to detect patients who developed postoperative atrial fibrillation with 100% sensitivity, 77% specificity, 78% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. Conclusion Older hypertensive patients are at higher risk of developing postoperative atrial fibrillation. Preoperative measurement of atrial electromechanical interval by tissue Doppler echocardiography is a useful predictor of postoperative atrial fibrillation in coronary artery bypass patients.