Effect of Oral Anticoagulant during Pregnancy with Prosthetic Heart Valve

Abstract

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the risks and outcome of oral anticoagulant use during pregnancy in women with prosthetic heart valves. Between December 1989 and November 1998, 192 females of childbearing age underwent heart valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis. There were 37 pregnancies in 30 patients during follow-up. Pregnancy was terminated on medical grounds in 5 cases, there were 2 (6%) spontaneous abortions, and 1 (3%) premature birth of a normal baby who died 24 hours later due to asphyxia. The other 29 pregnancies (91%) went to full term and the mothers continued taking oral anticoagulants until a week before the expected date of delivery, then switched to heparin. There was no thromboembolism, valve thrombosis, or maternal mortality. Three babies (10%) had a skeletal deformity: nasal hypoplasia in all 3, with cleft pinna in 1. Continuation of oral anticoagulants during pregnancy provided adequate protection against thromboembolism and valve thrombosis, but the risks of fetal abnormalities and premature delivery should be explained to women of childbearing age with a mechanical valve prosthesis.