Elective musculoskeletal surgery is associated with postoperative weight changes in pediatric and adolescent patients

Author:

Huang Sharon G1,Wilson Philip L123,Worrall Hannah M2ORCID,Ramo Brandon A123,Kapadia Ami1,Ellis Henry B123

Affiliation:

1. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

2. Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA

3. Children’s Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA

Abstract

Purpose: Patients of elective orthopedic surgeries often reduce activity levels during postoperative recovery. It is unclear whether these extended periods of modified activities lead to weight changes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in body mass index percentile in pediatric patients over 2.5 years following primary musculoskeletal surgeries. Methods: Institutional records for utilized current procedural terminology codes were used to identify patients aged 21 years or younger who underwent elective surgery at a single pediatric orthopedic institution between October 2016 and December 2018. Non-primary surgeries and patients without preoperative body mass index measurements were excluded. Demographic characteristics, height, weight, and body mass index within 30 months of surgery were collected. Body mass index relative to age was calculated. Analysis of body mass index changes at follow-up intervals of 3–7, 9–18, and 24–30 months after surgery was performed for the overall sample, within surgical categories, and within preoperative weight classifications. Results: A total of 1566 patients (53.1% female, average age 12.4 years) were included. Over one-third of patients were overweight or obese at presentation. The average change in body mass index percentile relative to baseline was increased at all follow-up intervals. Values reached significance at 9–18 months ( p = .002) and 24–30 months ( p = .001). While underweight and normal-weight patients had increased body mass index at all three timepoints, overweight or obese patients decreased. Conclusions: Patients undergoing elective orthopedic procedures may experience significant changes in body mass index percentile postoperatively. At extremes of weight, patients experience improvement toward the mean, but most patients may undergo body mass index increases beyond what would be expected during normal growth. Level of evidence: Retrospective level III.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Orthopedics and Sports Medicine,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

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