Antegrade femoral lengthening and simultaneous hemiepiphysiodesis for congenital femoral deficiency

Abstract

Purpose: Congenital femoral deficiency is characterized by limb length discrepancy and genu valgum. Lengthening of the femur along its anatomic axis increases valgus alignment by medial knee translation. Pairing limb lengthening with simultaneous medial distal femoral hemiepiphysiodesis can simultaneously correct two limb deformities. Methods: All skeletally immature patients with congenital femoral deficiency who underwent antegrade femoral lengthening and concomitant guided growth over a 4-year period were reviewed. Length and alignment data were quantified during lengthening, consolidation, and for 1 year after guided growth implants were removed or the patient reached skeletal maturity. Digital simulation was performed for all lengthenings to assess the mechanical alignment that would have been achieved had lengthening been performed without medial distal femoral hemiepiphysiodesis. Results: Nine patients (five males, four females, mean age = 12.3 ± 1.9 years) underwent 10 antegrade intramedullary femoral lengthenings with simultaneous medial distal femoral hemiepiphysiodesis. All had improvement in valgus alignment (average improvement in mechanical axis deviation was 18 ± 11 mm, average change in limb alignment was 6 ± 5°). In simulated lengthenings without guided growth, all limbs would have experienced increased lateral mechanical axis deviation of 5 ± 3 mm. The hemiepiphysiodesis implant and lengthening device were explanted simultaneously in 7 of 10 lengthenings. Conclusion: Simultaneous medial distal femoral hemiepiphysiodesis with antegrade femoral lengthening for ongenital femoral deficiency can minimize the number of surgical episodes for the skeletally immature patient. The lengthening device and guided growth construct can be removed simultaneously in a majority of cases, saving children one or two additional surgical treatments.