Chlamydia pneumoniae Polioencephalomyelitis and Ganglionitis in Captive Houston Toads (Anaxyrus houstonensis)

Author:

Fratzke Alycia1ORCID,Howard Lauren L.2,Tocidlowski Maryanne E.3,Armién Anibal4ORCID,Oliveira Fabiano5,Ritchie Branson6,Berlin Erin7,Snook Eric8

Affiliation:

1. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

2. San Diego Zoo Safari Park, Escondido, CA, USA

3. Houston Zoo, Inc, Houston, TX, USA

4. Ultrastructural Pathology Unit, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA

5. Antech Diagnostics, College Station, TX, USA

6. Infectious Diseases Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

7. Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, Omaha, NE, USA

8. TVMDL Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA

Abstract

Chlamydia pneumoniae is a ubiquitous pathogen causing disease in humans, mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Since 2012, C. pneumoniae infection has caused neurologic disease and mortality in a breeding colony of endangered Houston toads ( Anaxyrus houstonensis) at the Houston Zoo. The purpose of this report is to present the histopathologic and ultrastructural characteristics of C. pneumoniae infection in Houston toads. Fourteen cases were evaluated by histopathology and 1 case was evaluated by electron microscopy. The major histopathologic finding was necrotizing and histiocytic polioencephalomyelitis and ganglionitis. Bacteria formed intracytoplasmic inclusions within neurons but frequently extended into the surrounding tissue from necrotic cells. Ultrastructural evaluation showed the bacteria formed reticulate and elementary bodies characteristic of Chlamydia spp.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

General Veterinary

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