Glycyrrhizic acid ameliorates sodium nitrite-induced lung and salivary gland toxicity: Impact on oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis

Author:

Elsherbini Amira M1,Maysarah Nadia M2,El-Sherbiny Mohamed34,Al-Gayyar Mohammed MH56,Elsherbiny Nehal M56ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia

3. Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

4. Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

5. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

6. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Despite wide application of sodium nitrite (SN) as food additive, it exhibits considerable side effects on various body organs at high dose or chronic exposure. The aim of this study was to test whether Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) could ameliorate SN-induced toxicity in lung and submandibular salivary gland (SMG). A sample size of 30 adult male albino rats was randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group 1 served as control group. Rats were treated orally with 80 mg/kg of SN in group 2 or SN preceded by (15 mg/kg) GA in group 3. Lung & SMG tissues were used for oxidative stress assessment, examination of histopathological changes, fibrosis (MTC, TGF-β and α-SMA) and inflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β and CD-68). Concurrent administration of GA ameliorated pulmonary and salivary SN-induced toxicity via restoring the antioxidant defense mechanisms with reduction of MDA levels. GA reduced the key regulators of fibrosis TGF-β and α-SMA and collagen deposition. In addition to reduction of inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β) and macrophages recruitments, GA amended both pulmonary and salivary morphological changes. The present study proposed GA as a promising natural herb with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects against pulmonary and salivary SN-induced toxicity.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Toxicology,General Medicine

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